ABSTRACT
Objective To master the current status of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing,and provide evidence for scientific prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods In 2017,a cross-sectional survey method was adopted.In 26 districts (counties) in Chongqing,each district (county) was divided into five sampling areas by east,west,south,north and middle.One township/street (including at least one street) was selected in each area and one primary school was selected in each township/street.Forty non-boarding students aged 8 to 10 years old (half males and half females) were selected from each primary school.Their salt and instant urine samples were collected for salt iodine and urine iodine detection.At the same time,thyroid volume was measured in 8 to 10 years old students in 14 districts (counties).Results A total of 5 546 edible salt samples were collected,including 5 520 iodized salts,5 094 qualified iodized salts and 26 non-iodized salts.The average salt iodine content was 26.1 mg/kg and the range was 23.2 to 30.7 mg/kg.Iodized salt coverage rate,iodized salt pass rate,qualified iodized salt consumption rate,and non-iodized salt rate were 99.53％ (5 520/5 546),92.28％ (5 094/5 520),91.85％ (5 094/5 546),and 0.47％ (26/5 546),respectively.A total of 5 565 urine samples were tested,the median urinary iodine was 221.9 μg/L,urinary iodine ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 2.98％ (166/5 565),50-99 μg/L accounted for 8.09％ (450/5 565),100-199 μg/L accounted for 31.66％ (1 762/5 565),200-299 μg/L accounted for 30.03％ (1 671/5 565),and ≥300 μg/L accounted for 27.24％ (1 516/5 565).A total of 3 111 children were tested for thyroid volume.The median thyroid volume was 2.6,2.9,3.1 ml in the 8th,9th,and 10th years,and the thyroid enlargement rate was 1.93％ (60/3 111).The districts (counties) had a goiter rate ranging from 0.45％ to 2.74％.Conclusions The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt and the median urinary iodine in Chongqing have reached the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.The rate of goiter in children has remained at a low level,but the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in some areas has shown a downward trend.The monitoring of the presence of non-iodized salt districts (counties) should be emphasized.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the distribution of iodine content in drinking water of residents in Chongqing.Methods In 2017,according to the "Technical Plan for the Investigation of Iodine Content of Drinking Water in Chongqing",surveys on water iodine content,water source type,well depth and geographical situation were carried out in 38 districts (counties) and Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone in Chongqing,with township (town,street office) as a survey unit.Among them,the township (town,street office) with the median of water iodine ＞ 10 μg/L was investigated with a administrative village (residential committee) as a survey unit.The "Method for Iodine Detection in Iodine-deficient and High-iodine Areas" recommended by the National Iodine Deficiency Disease Reference Laboratory was adopted for water iodine detection.The water iodine contents of different water source types,different well depths and different areas were compared and analyzed.Results In 2017,a total of 17 584 water samples were collected in Chongqing.The median of water iodine was 1.7 μg/L,ranging from 0.2 to 124.0 μg/L,with the content ＜ 10 μg/L accounted for 96.13％ (16 903/17 584),10-100 μg/L accounted for 3.86％ (679/17 584),and ＞ 100 μg/L accounted for 0.01％ (2/17 584).Among the 1 023 townships (towns,street offices),1 020 townships (towns,street offices) were water iodine ＜ 10 μg/L,and 3 townships (towns,street offices) were water iodine in 10-100 μg/L,they were Anfu Street (25.8 μg/L),Qingsheng Town (11.8 μg/L) and Longji Town (31.0 μg/L) of Rongchang District.The differences of iodine content between deep well water,tap water andshallow well water (4.2,1.5,1.2 μg/L) were statistically significant (H =2 008.4,P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between well depth and water iodine (r =0.298,P ＜ 0.01).The medians of water iodine in main,northeast,southeast,and western areas were 1.8,0.8,1.1 and 3.7 μg/L,respectively,and the differences of water iodine content between different regions were statistically significant (H =4 080.5,P ＜ 0.01).The water iodine contents of northeast and southeast areas (both were mountainous areas) were relatively low.Conclusions Chongqing is an iodine deficiency area.In most areas,the iodine content of drinking water is low,and the risk of iodine deficiency in mountainous areas is greater than that in other areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective To master the epidemic prevalence and the risk factors of brucellosis in animals and human,and to provide a basis for making prevention strategies and measures to brucellosis in Chongqing Municipality.Methods Qijiang and Wansheng district of Chongqing Munipality were selected as investigation points.Feeding status of goats in feedlots was investigated,and blood samples of goats were collected for laboratory testing.Epidemiological survey in employees on feedlots,family members closely exposed with goats,and other focus groups such as stockbreeding and veterinary was conducted,and blood samples was collected for laboratory testing according to the principle of informed consent.Clinical features of infested persons were investigated.Blood samples were screened by plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT).Results A total of 582 households in the two districts were investigated.The number of positive households was 40 households.The positive rate of the households was 6.87％.A total of 20 105 goat blood samples were tested.Of them,989 blood samples tested positive.The positive rate was 4.92％.A total of 337 blood samples of the risk population from 22 towns of the two districts were tested.Of them,45 samples were positive,and the positive rate was 13.35％.Eleven people were active patients of brucellosis.The epidemic sites were distributed in 16 towns,which accounted for 73.73％.The difference of the positive rates between the two districts was not significant (x2 =0.37,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of brucellosis among male and female was 11.57％ (28/242) and 17.89％ (17/95),respectively.The age of brucellosis infection distributed from 2 years old to 83 years old.One preschool child and 3 students were identified positive.The positive rate of brucellosis among feeder was the highest,which accounted for 31.75％ (40/125).The difference of positive rate of brucellosis among different professions was significant (x2 =63.40,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is not a brucellosis case among animals or people reported in Chongqing non epidemic areas of brucellosis,but there are lots of infection.Surveillance and prevention of brucellosis should be strengthened in Chongqing.